Scientific operation and maintenance are key to extending the service life and improving the energy storage efficiency of lead-acid batteries in photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic systems shall be equipped with dedicated charge-discharge controllers to avoid overcharge and overdischarge and reduce faults such as plate vulcanization and capacity attenuation. The battery installation environment should be ventilated and dry, avoiding high-temperature exposure and water accumulation to reduce equipment loss. For floating-charge photovoltaic energy storage batteries, regular voltage and capacity detection and parameter calibration are required to ensure charge-discharge balance. In addition, avoid long-term shallow charge-discharge or idle underpowered storage, and conduct regular deep charge-discharge activation. Standardized maintenance can extend the service life of lead-acid batteries by 1-2 years and improve the overall stability and economy of photovoltaic energy storage systems.